Physiological Responses of Boxing Exercises and Effect on Elite Boxers

Abstract

Introduction: With the rapidly aging global population, successful and healthy aging have become important issues. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the Positive Psychology Interaction Group Program on the anger and hope levels of elderly individuals. Materials and Method: An experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups was used with the Positive Psychology Interaction Group Program as the independent variable, and anger and hope levels of the elderly as the dependent variables. The sample comprised 32 elderly individuals living in Darulaceze in Istanbul. Face-to-face interviews using the Sociodemographic Information Form were used to gather the participants' sociodemographic information. Hope and anger levels were evaluated using the Continuous Hope Scale (SAS) and the State Trait Anger Scale, respectively. A five-week (10 sessions) Positive Psychology Interaction Group Program, which was prepared by the researchers based on the positive psychology approach, was applied only to the experimental group. Paired sample t-tests and Person's correlation coefficient analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect of the program on the hope and anger levels of the elderly. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (p<.05). The applied Positive Psychology Interaction Group Program increased the hope levels of the elderly individuals participating in the experimental group and decreased their anger levels. Conclusion: These findings are important for building positive psychology-focused practice in experimental research to improve the lives of elderly people.