dc.description.abstract |
Bu tez çalışmasında depremin düşey bileşeninin yapısal davranışa etkisinin
incelenmesi amacıyla analitik bir çalışma yapılmıştır.
Tezin ilk bölümüne giriş bölümü olarak başlanmıştır. Bu bölümde genel olarak
çalışmanın kapsamı ve literatür araştırması kısaca anlatılmıştır.
Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde ise yapısal modelin tasarlanması üzerinde çalışılmıştır.
Tez çalışmasında kullanılacak yapısal model, beş katlı, düzenli ve simetrik olacak
şekilde betonarme okul binası olarak DBYBHY-2007’ye göre tasarlanmıştır. Ayrıca,
yapısal modelde kullanılan malzeme hakkında da bilgi verilmiştir.
Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde ise analizde kullanılacak hesap yöntemi ve deprem
kayıtları hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Tez çalışmasının amacı depremin düşey
bileşeninin etkilerini, yatay bileşen etkileriyle kıyaslayarak yapısal parametreleri ne
ölçüde değiştirdiğini görmektir. Tez çalışmasında, düşey deprem etkisi şiddetli olan
yedi deprem kaydı kullanılmıştır. Tez çalışmasında kullanılan program Seismostruct
yazılımı olup, üç boyutlu olarak modellenen beş katlı betonarme binayı depremin
yatay bileşenleri (x+y) etkilemiştir. Daha sonra yatay bileşenlere ek olarak düşey
bileşenler de eklenmiş olup, analizler tekrarlanmıştır (x+y+z). Analizlerin zaman
tanım alanında doğrusal olmayan yöntem ile yürütülmüştür.
Dördüncü bölümde hazırlanmış model çözümlemesi yapılmıştır. Yatay ve
yatay+düşey deprem etkilerinin yapısal davranışa etkilerini belirleyebilmek için
referans kolonlar ve kirişler seçilmiştir. Seçilmiş kolonlar ve kirişlerin eksenel kuvvet,
kesme kuvvetleri, katlararası ötelemeleri ve toplam deplasman değerler sonuçları
incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde herbir deprem kaydı için bulunan sonuçlar garfik ve
çizelgeler halinde sunulmuştur.
Beşinci ve son bölümde ise sonuçlar kısaca özetlenmiştir. Analiz sonrasında elde
edilmiş veriler ışığında, depremin düşey bileşeninin özellikle kolonlardaki eksenel
kuvvetlerin artışına ciddi bir miktarda etki ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Kolon kesme
kuvvetlerinde depremin düşey bileşeninin eklenmesiyle önemli miktarda artışlar
gözlenmese de yaklaşık yüzde on beş oranında artış kaydedilmiştir. Kat ötelemelerinde
ve toplam yapısal deplasmanda ise belirgin değişiklikler kayıt edilmemiştir. |
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dc.description.abstractol |
Since human existence, mankind began to create a healthy habitat and on this way faced
with many obstacles. First of all, most serious obstacle is an earthquake. As time passes,
the world evolves, people had to create different structures that could serve not only for
life, but also for time. After the number of people multiplied, and began to live together,
cities and megacities were built. For this purpose, were built new types of buildings. The
rise of prices on land in large cities contributed to the construction of skyscrapers, and for
this reason, civil engineers had to investigate even more about earthquakes.
In the world it is considered that the vertical component of the earthquake is not
particularly dangerous, therefore in the whole world in an engineering calculations
attention is allocated to the horizontal force of earthquake. However, in some last
earthquake results noted that the vertical component plays an important role in the
destruction of structures. Therefore, this analytical study also has been carried out in the
direction of vertical component of earthquake.
This thesis consists of five parts. First part is introduction. In introduction were explained
shortly about a scope of work and literature search.
Second part of thesis is model design. In this part were explained about a model which
will use in this work. The virtual model which designed as educational building was
created with the help of computer programs. The model consists of five floors and has a
symmetrical shape. The height of floors is 3 meters and distance between the columns is
the same everywhere six meters. The static calculations of the building were calculated by
the computer program Sta4-Cad and static design standard is TS-500, earthquake standard
is TDY DBYBHY-2007. In this part of thesis were noted also about materials and
characteristics of materials which used in this study. As the program of static design is not
randomly chosen by Sta4-Cad, when choosing this program, it allowed to use Turkish
standards. More on this part are given tables of reinforcement columns and beams.
Third part of thesis dedicated to calculation method and earthquake records used in model
analysis. In this section was selected “Dynamic time-history method” as calculation
method. In an earthquake standard (TDY DBYBHY-2007) there are some requirements
to the calculation method. In this study, for the analysis were first used only the horizontal
(x+y) forces of the earthquake, and then the vertical (x+y+z) force was added.
In this study were selected seven earthquake records from PEER database and these
earthquakes like: Duzce, Imperial Valley, Kobe, Manjil-Rudbar, Northridge. About
selected earthquakes are informed in the third part of this study. These earthquake records
were not accidentally chosen because they have not only powerful horizontal component
but the vertical component has destructive power too.
In the fourth part of this study noted about the effect of horizontal and vertical earthquake
components on the structure. This part of the work is considered to be the most important
because here analyzes were carried out using the “Seismostruct” computer program. The
purpose of the study is to analyze the behavior of the structure during the influence of the
horizontal plus the vertical component of the earthquake. To determine the difference were chosen the axial and shear forces, story drifts and total displacement of the column and
beams. Each earthquake record was applied to the structure one by one with horizontally
and horizontally plus vertically component. Results were shown in table form.
Last fifth part of the thesis is conclusion part. As a result, when the horizontal plus vertical
components influence the building, the axial forces in the columns, especially in the
middle columns, have a big difference. Although the shear forces did not show a
significant increase in the columns, the difference in one of the seven earthquake records
was fifteen percent. No changes were recorded in the shear forces in the structural beams.
No significant changes have been found in displacement and story drifts too.
It is difficult to make any proposals because the volume of analytical work carried out in
this thesis are not large. But the axial forces of the column has changed with the appearance
of vertical components. Therefore, in engineering calculations should to give a proper
place to the vertical forces of the earthquake. |
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