A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL PEACEBUILDING AND MEDIATION EFFORTS IN SOMALIA (1990-2021

Abstract

This study investigates the origins and primary causes of the Somalia war, as well as international efforts to find a long-term settlement to the dispute. Despite this, Somalia is considered to be a country with a population that is ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguistically homogeneous. Nonetheless, their similarity did not save them from becoming embroiled in one of the world's worst conflicts, which claimed the lives of thousands of Somalis. The overthrow of President Barre‟s administration in 1991 triggered the crisis, and no significant improvements have occurred since then. The research sought to comprehend the history of local peacebuilding in Somalia through mediation efforts. The research also sought to determine the importance of grassroot mediation in resolving continuing conflicts in Somalia. Additionally, the research aimed to explain why the majority of peace endeavors failed, despite the fact that the past three peace-building conferences ended in a meaningful resolution. This study also demonstrates the significance of local peace-building efforts whereby it shines a light on underappreciated local peace-building efforts, demonstrating that peace-building efforts are not limited to foreign, regional, and international entities. In this regard, the last chapter provides various recommendations and the very best method to create long-term peace and prosperity for the citizens of Somalia.